| Antennae Galaxies | |
|---|---|
NGC 4038 (left) & NGC 4039 (right) |
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| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Corvus[1] |
| Right ascension | 12h 01m 53.0s / 12h 01m 53.6s[2] |
| Declination | -18° 52′ 10″ / -18° 53′ 11″[2] |
| Redshift | 1642 ± 12 / 1641 ± 9 km/s[2] |
| Distance | 45 Mly / 65 Mly |
| Type | SB(s)m pec / SA(s)m pec[2] |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 5′.2 × 3′.1 / 3′.1 × 1′.6[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.2 / 11.1[2] |
| Notable features | Interacting galaxies |
| Other designations | |
| Ringtail Galaxy,[2] NGC 4038 / 4039,[2] PGC 37967 / 37969, Arp 244,[2] Caldwell 60/61 |
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| See also: Galaxy, List of galaxies | |
The Antennae Galaxies (also known as NGC 4038/NGC 4039 or Caldwell 60/61) are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus. They are currently going through a phase of starburst. They were discovered by William Herschel in 1785.[3] NGC 4038 is located at RA 12h 01m 53.0s, Dec −18° 52′ 10″; and NGC 4039 at RA 12h 01m 53.6s, Dec −18° 53′ 11″.
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The Antennae are undergoing a galactic collision. Located in the NGC 4038 group with five other galaxies, these two galaxies are known as the 'Antennae' because the two long tails of stars, gas and dust thrown out of the galaxies as a result of the collision resemble the antennae of an insect. The nuclei of the two galaxies are joining to become one giant galaxy. Most galaxies probably undergo at least one significant collision in their lifetimes. This is likely the future of our Milky Way when it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy. Two supernovae have been discovered in the galaxies: SN 2004GT and SN 2007sr.
A recent study finds that these interacting galaxies are closer to the Milky Way than previously thought—at 45 million light-years instead of 65 million light-years.[4]
About 1.2 billion years ago, the Antennae were two separate galaxies. NGC 4038 was a barred spiral galaxy and NGC 4039 was a spiral galaxy. Before the galaxies collided, NGC 4039 was larger than NGC 4038. 900 million years ago, the Antennae began to approach one another, looking similar to NGC 2207 and IC 2163. 600 million years ago, the Antennae passed through each other, looking like the Mice Galaxies. 300 million years ago, the Antennae's stars began to be released from both galaxies. Today the two streamers of ejected stars extend far beyond the original galaxies, making the antennae shape.
Within 400 million years, the Antennae's nuclei will collide and become a single core with stars, gas, and dust around it. Observations and simulations of colliding galaxies suggest that the Antennae Galaxies will eventually form an elliptical galaxy.[5]
Rich deposits of neon, magnesium, and silicon were discovered from the Chandra X-ray Observatory analysis of the Antennae Galaxies. These elements are among those that form the building blocks for habitable planets. The clouds imaged contain magnesium and silicon at 16 and 24 times, respectively, the abundance in the Sun.
Coordinates: 12h 01m 53s, −18° 52′ 10″
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